“Generate hydrogen using solar energy, then produce electricity when needed—freeing yourself from the grid and achieving zero-carbon independence.” This vision sounds appealing. As a technical team with years of experience in the energy sector, we must caution residential users with such aspirations: applying wind-solar hydrogen production technology to home settings is not only unlikely to save costs at this stage but may become one of the most expensive household energy options.

Let's examine the practical challenges of photovoltaic-coupled water electrolysis through a concrete example.

1. “Photovoltaic + Hydrogen Power Generation” Technology

Using a water electrolysis unit rated at 1Nm²/h (standard cubic meters per hour), 55 kWh of electricity is fed into the electrolytic cell. Through complex electrochemical reactions and system losses, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, ultimately yielding 1 kilogram of hydrogen. This hydrogen requires further conversion for effective utilization.

Subsequently, this 1 kg of hydrogen is fed into a household hydrogen fuel cell for power generation. Through a series of chemical reactions, the chemical energy stored in hydrogen is converted back into electrical energy. In practice, the hydrogen fuel cell can only produce 12-15 kWh of usable electricity. This yields a total cycle efficiency of approximately 21.8% to 27.3%. This indicates that over 72% of the original electrical energy is lost as heat and other forms of energy during the “electricity-hydrogen-electricity” double conversion process.

2. Photovoltaic + Lithium Battery Technology

Using the same 55 kWh of photovoltaic power generation, the charge-discharge cycle efficiency of a lithium battery system typically exceeds 85%. This translates to approximately 46.75 kWh of usable electricity from 55 kWh. Compared to the photovoltaic + hydrogen power generation scenario, the maximum usable electricity for a household is only 15 kWh.

Why such a significant gap?

1. Electrolytic hydrogen production and hydrogen fuel cell power generation fundamentally involve converting energy from one form to another. Thermodynamic laws dictate that such conversions inevitably incur losses, with unavoidable theoretical energy depletion at each stage. In contrast, lithium battery charging/discharging follows a more direct “electricity-chemistry-electricity” pathway, featuring fewer conversion steps and consequently lower energy losses during storage and release.

2. From a technological maturity perspective, lithium batteries have established a complete, mature industrial chain. Their system efficiency has been optimized over the long term and is approaching its engineering limits. Conversely, hydrogen energy technology for residential applications remains in its early developmental stages. The system comprises multiple complex components—electrolyzers, compressors, purification units, fuel cells—each requiring additional energy consumption. The overall efficiency of the integrated system consequently lags behind that of lithium batteries.

3. Cost differences also emerge between PV+lithium storage and PV+hydrogen generation. Hydrogen production equipment manufacturing and hydrogen storage itself consume substantial electricity. To achieve equivalent household power goals, hydrogen solutions often require larger solar panel installations. From a full lifecycle cost perspective, current residential hydrogen systems struggle to compete economically with traditional energy storage methods.

For household users prioritizing environmental sustainability and energy autonomy, efficient utilization should remain central. Channeling clean solar power into less efficient conversion systems incurs substantial costs for residential applications. It's important to recognize that hydrogen, as a strategic energy source, should primarily focus on industrial applications, grid-scale energy storage, and heavy-duty transportation systems.

For residential energy scenarios, we recommend: At this stage, opt for the technically mature and economically viable “PV + lithium battery” solution to maximize the value of every kilowatt-hour of sunlight. Only when hydrogen energy achieves breakthroughs in residential technology and demonstrates significant economic improvements should its integration into home energy systems be considered a prudent approach.

As a core technology in the field of clean energy conversion, hydrogen fuel cells consistently demonstrate near-perfect performance potential in laboratory environments—high efficiency, high power density, excellent start-up characteristics, and stability—making them a "technology star" in the clean energy sector. However, when the technology is scaled up from small-area single cells in the laboratory to real-world applications such as automotive power and distributed power generation, its system efficiency, power output stability, and durability often experience significant degradation, typically ranging from 20% to 50%. This is essentially a concentrated burst of problems from multiple dimensions, including material properties, component integration, and system regulation, when scaled up.

1. Laboratory vs. Real-world: Two drastically different operating environments

The core of laboratory testing for fuel cells is "precise control and interference elimination." Taking the internationally accepted DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) testing protocol as an example, the testing process requires maintaining constant temperature (typically 60-80℃), constant humidity (relative humidity 80%-100%), high-purity reactant gas (hydrogen purity 99.97%, impurity content <10ppm), and stable load conditions. Small-area single-cell batteries (typically <50cm²) are fixed using precision clamps to minimize the impact of external environmental fluctuations on battery performance. Under these ideal conditions, the peak power density of fuel cells can easily reach 400-600mW/cm², and the durability test life can even exceed 10,000 hours.

However, real-world applications are fraught with uncertainty: in automotive powertrains, frequent start-stop cycles, rapid acceleration, and deceleration cause drastic load fluctuations; distributed power generation requires handling diurnal temperature variations, humidity changes, and hydrogen supply of varying purities; even portable devices face random variations in ambient temperature and gas flow conditions. More importantly, the precise temperature and humidity control equipment used in laboratory tests, disregarding energy consumption, must be driven by the fuel cell itself in real-world systems, further compressing the effective output power.

2. Dynamic Deactivation Mechanism of Catalysts

On the one hand, frequent start-stop cycles and load changes in applications cause drastic fluctuations in the cathode potential between 0.4 and 1.0 V. This potential cycling accelerates the dissolution-redeposition process of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, leading to particle coarsening and electrochemical corrosion of the carbon support, ultimately causing catalyst particle detachment. Accelerated stress test data from the USDRIVE Consortium in the United States shows that in tests simulating 100,000 km of passenger vehicle driving conditions, the active surface area of ​​the Pt catalyst decreased by 42% within 1000 hours, while in laboratory steady-state tests, the loss rate within the same time period was only 8%.

On the other hand, impurity gases in real-world scenarios exacerbate catalyst poisoning. The high-purity hydrogen (impurities <10ppm) and clean air used in laboratory tests are difficult to guarantee in real-world scenarios. Industrial byproduct hydrogen may contain impurities such as CO (often >50ppm) and H2S, while pollutants like SOx and NOx from the air will also enter the battery with the intake air. These impurities will irreversibly adsorb onto the Pt active sites, forming a dense adsorption layer that blocks the reaction. For example, the adsorption energy of CO and Pt is as high as -60kJ/mol; even long-term accumulation of ppb-level CO will lead to a significant decrease in catalyst activity. Test data from Toyota Motor Corporation in Japan shows that when the CO content in the hydrogen reaches 20ppm, the fuel cell output power decreases by 20% within 200 hours; if the CO content increases to 50ppm, the power decrease can reach 45% within the same time period.

3. Combined Degradation of the Proton Exchange Membrane:

In actual operation, changes in fuel cell load are accompanied by fluctuations in the amount of water produced in the reaction, causing the proton exchange membrane to repeatedly undergo the "water absorption and expansion - water loss and contraction" process, generating continuous mechanical stress, ultimately leading to membrane crack propagation and perforation. Research data from the Max Planck Institute in Germany shows that in dynamic humidity cycling tests simulating automotive conditions, the tensile strength of perfluorinated proton exchange membranes decreased by 30% after 500 cycles, and significant cracks appeared after 1000 cycles. Simultaneously, during fuel cell operation, low-potential, high-oxygen-concentration regions generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). These strong oxidizing substances attack the polymer backbone of the membrane, leading to a decrease in molecular weight, damage to the ion cluster structure, and ultimately, loss of proton conductivity. Tests show that the fluoride ion release rate of the perfluorinated membrane under dynamic conditions reaches 1.2 pg/(cm²·h), which is 12 times that under laboratory constant humidity conditions (0.1 pg/(cm²·h)). The large release of fluoride ions directly reflects the degree of membrane structure degradation.

4. The Superposition of Inhomogeneity and System losses:

Expanding the battery area from laboratory level (<50 cm²) to commercial level (>200 cm²) leads to significant inhomogeneities in internal gas distribution, current density, and temperature distribution, significantly accelerating material degradation. More problematic is the amplification of the "weakest link effect" when hundreds of cells are connected in series to form a stack. This means that a performance degradation in any single cell can drag down the entire stack, leading to a significant reduction in power and lifespan. Test data from General Motors in the US shows that in a stack composed of 200 cells, if the individual cell consistency deviation increases from 3% to 8%, the overall output power of the stack decreases by 22%, and its lifespan is shortened by 35%.

System integration introduces efficiency losses and dynamic response lag. In actual operation, the Balance of Production (BOP) system, which provides air, humidity, and cooling to the stack, consumes a significant amount of energy, potentially lowering the system's net efficiency from over 55% in the laboratory to around 40%. Simultaneously, under dynamic conditions such as rapid vehicle acceleration or start-stop, the response speed of these auxiliary systems lags far behind changes in power demand, resulting in instantaneous power drops and exacerbating damage to critical components such as the proton exchange membrane, thus accelerating the overall system performance degradation. Real-world data from the Toyota Mirai fuel cell vehicle confirms this phenomenon: its stack's peak efficiency is 58%, but the net efficiency of the entire power system is only 42%, with the core difference lying in the losses of the auxiliary systems.

5. From Operating Condition Simulation to Integrated Design

Crossing the performance gap between the "laboratory" and "real-world" environments requires collaborative breakthroughs in three dimensions: testing methods, structural design, and system integration.

First, establishing a testing system that closely reflects actual dynamic operating conditions. Building upon steady-state testing, dynamic testing standards with environmental variables and load cycles need to be introduced. By replicating real-world operating conditions, the fragility of materials and components can be exposed in advance, reducing the discrepancy between laboratory and real-world data.

Second, optimizing the structure and materials of large-area batteries. To address the inhomogeneity issues after scaling up, gradient electrodes and biomimetic flow channels can be applied to reduce current density deviations. Simultaneously, key materials such as highly stable catalysts and self-healing proton exchange membranes can be developed to improve durability from the source.

Third, promoting integrated system design. Energy consumption can be reduced by optimizing the structural design of auxiliary systems.

Future and Outlook:

Fuel cell technology is continuously bridging the gap between the "laboratory" and "real-world applications" through multidisciplinary collaborative innovation. With a deeper understanding of hydrogen fuel cell systems, researchers are able to more accurately predict large-scale battery performance and optimize stack design structures, thereby accelerating the maturation and large-scale application of this clean energy technology.

So, you're thinking about going solar? One of the first things you'll figure out is whether to put the panels on the ground or your roof. Both ways have their perks, and the “best” choice really comes down to your property, what you want to get out of it energy-wise, and your budget.

Roof solar is pretty common for homes, businesses, and factories. Since you’re already using the roof space, you don't need extra land. Putting panels up goes quicker, and getting permits can be easier since it's part of the building. Plus, shorter wires mean you lose less power, which saves money. Get the mounting right, and you can tilt the panels to get more sun.

But, roof space is limited. Not every roof can take the weight of solar panels, especially older ones. Trees or stuff on the roof can also block sunlight. If that's the case, you'll need a pro to check the roof and find the best way to mount the panels.

With ground solar, you've got more freedom. You can point the panels exactly where you need them to get the most sunlight year-round. Ground mounts are great for big projects, and places with land to spare. It's also easier to maintain since you don't have to climb on the roof. And, you can add more panels later if you need more power.

The downside of ground solar is the land. Buying or using land costs money, and you might not have the space, mostly if a lot of people are living there. Ground installs also need foundations, like poles or concrete, which depends on the dirt. This can cost more upfront, but it makes the setup solid and long-lasting.

No matter which way you go, good engineering is key. Roof systems need to not break the roof, and ground systems need to handle wind. Companies like SIC Solar sell mounting systems for both roofs and ground, so projects can fit into what they need, like different places/spots and power goals.

Comparing costs? It varies. Roof systems are cheaper to kick things off for smaller setups, but ground systems might be a better deal in the long run for bigger projects because they make more power and are easier to expand. Ultimately, it’s about how much space you have, how much power you need, and how flexible your spot & place is for building and growing.

So, ground mounted solar setups? They use a bunch of parts – structural, mechanical, and electrical – to hold up solar panels in fields. You see them a lot in big utility projects, business sites, and even homes that have enough land. They’re great if you want to arrange things how you like and get the most power.

The base is super important. It keeps everything steady and moves the weight from the solar panels down into the ground. You've got options like steel beams hammered in, ground screws, blocks of concrete, or weighted bases. What you pick depends on the dirt, how much wind and snow there is, and how big the project is. A good base will stand up to wind, won't sink, and will deal with the ground moving over time.

Then you’ve got posts or columns on the bases holding up the whole thing. These posts hold the beams and decide how high off the ground the system is. The height is picked carefully for airflow, to manage plants, and to make it easy to get in there and fix things. Usually, it's galvanized steel or aluminum because they’re strong and don’t rust outside.

Beams and rails are the horizontal part that the solar panels sit on. The beams link the posts, and the rails are where you bolt the panels. This setup needs to be lined up just right, so the panels are at the right angle. Companies like SIC Solar make these with standard rail shapes to make installing stuff easier and to that different-sized panels fit.

Panel clamps hold the solar panels onto the rails. Clamps on the ends and in the middle keep the panels tight but still let them expand when it gets hot. These little parts are really important because they have to handle shaking, wind, and changes in temperature for years.

Braces make the whole thing stronger. You often see diagonal braces or crossbars to handle wind better and stop anything from bending. If you’re in a place with crazy weather, you’ll want even more bracing to keep it all stable.

Grounding and wiring are built into the setup to keep things safe with electricity. Good grounding protects the equipment and the people working on it, and it helps the system stay within electrical standards. Cable clips and trays keep the wires neat and safe from damage and sunlight.

SIC Solar, they put all these parts together to make solid ground-mounted solar solutions that are strong, work well, and are easy to put up. Each part does its job, and together they make something that can support solar power for years, no matter where it is.

Solar carports are becoming a go-to for making clean power and putting parking lots to good use. By adding solar panels to carport builds, businesses, schools, and public spots can make electricity, give cars shade, and boost their green cred all at once. Depending on the site, budget, and what you need it for, solar carports can come in a few forms.

One common kind is the single-row solar carport. It has one row of parking spots with a simple frame holding up the solar panels. It's often used in smaller parking lots or spots with not much room. The frame is pretty basic, which cuts down on material and setup costs but still makes good power.

The double-row solar carport is a hit in business and factory projects. Here, one frame covers two rows of parking, usually with a pole in the middle. This gets the most out of the land and lets you pack in more solar panels. Double-row setups are good for shopping centers, factories, and office parks where you need more energy.

Another type is the cantilever solar carport. These use posts on just one side, which opens up the parking area and makes it easier to get around. This kind is liked where looks and ease are key. Cantilever solar carports also make it easier to drive through and cut down on the chance of cars hitting poles.

For projects that need extra weather protection, waterproof solar carports are a great pick. These have drains, seals, and special frames to stop water from leaking. In places with lots of rain, waterproof builds last longer and keep users comfy while still making solid energy.

There are also custom and modular solar carports made for certain jobs. These can be carports with EV chargers built in, frames that tilt, or carports shaped for bumpy ground. Modular builds let you put them in bit by bit, so it's easier to add more as you need more power.

What they're made of is important for all kinds of carports. Aluminum alloy and galvanized steel are common because they're strong and don't rust. Companies like SIC Solar put their focus on making and selling solar panel frames that mix strength, cost, and long life, helping different solar carport designs for different markets.

Picking the right kind of solar carport hangs on things like how much space you have, the weather there, how much weight it needs to hold, and if you plan to add on later. With good planning and solid frames, solar carports can be both power sources and useful structures for years to come.

Floating solar panels are getting a lot of attention worldwide as nations try to find ways to get more renewable energy without taking up land. These systems are set up on water like reservoirs, lakes, and even close to the coast, using special floating stuff.

China is a big player in using floating solar tech. Land is limited in crowded areas, and there are tons of water reservoirs from dams. So, China has built a lot of big floating solar projects. Often, they mix water power and solar to get more energy and keep the power grid steady.

Japan was also quick to get on board with floating solar panels. Since it's full of mountains and doesn't have much flat land, Japan has used reservoirs and ponds for solar. The floating solar setups there can usually handle typhoons and earthquakes, which pushes people to come up with better floating and anchoring ways.

In Southeast Asia, places like Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam are working on floating solar projects. Singapore has put money into big floating systems on water reservoirs to reach its clean energy goals while saving land. The hot weather there has sped up work on floating mounts that don't rust and can handle UV rays.

Europe is also using floating solar. Countries like the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom are leading the way. The Netherlands puts floating solar on sand pits and water spots, while France has built several floating solar farms for selling power. These projects try to be easy on the environment and not mess up the water life.

India is quickly getting more floating solar, mostly on reservoirs linked to water power plants. Floating solar helps cut down on water loss and adds to the country's renewable energy supply. South Korea is doing something similar, with the government helping floating solar on dams and water spots.

As floating solar tech gets better, it's obvious how important good mounts and support are. These systems need strong frames, tight fits, and steady anchors to deal with wind, waves, and being wet all the time. Companies like SIC Solar, known for making solar mounting systems, use their knowledge of building and materials to back up all kinds of solar, including the new floating systems.

From Asia to Europe, floating solar panels are being used in countries that don't have much land, need a lot of power, or want to be green. As the tech gets better and cheaper, more places will likely use floating solar in their energy plans, turning water into energy sources.

Picking the right stuff for your solar panel mount is super important. It affects how long your system lasts, how much it costs to put in, and how well it works down the road. These mounts have to deal with wind, rain, sun, heat, and sometimes nasty environments, so you've gotta pick something strong, not too heavy, rust-proof, and worth the money in the long run.

Steel is a go-to for solar mounts, mostly for big ground setups. Regular steel is strong and can hold a lot of weight, which is good if you've got strong winds or lots of snow. If you coat it with zinc, it resists rust and can last for years outside. That's why it's a good choice for huge solar farms where keeping things stable and cheap is a must.

Aluminum is another good pick, especially for rooftops and smaller ground systems. The best thing about it is that it's light, so it's cheaper to move and easier to install. Aluminum also doesn't rust easily, which is great if you're near the coast or in a humid place. It usually costs more than steel, but you don't have to do much to keep it up, and it's easier to work with, so it's often worth it.

Stainless steel is usually used for smaller parts, not the whole mount. Things like screws, bolts, roof hooks, and grounding parts are often stainless steel because it doesn't rust and is reliable. If you're in a really harsh area, like by the ocean or near a factory, stainless steel parts can help your system last longer and be safer.

These days, mixing materials is becoming common. Lots of solar mounts use steel posts for strength and aluminum rails to keep the weight down and avoid rust. This way, you get the best of both worlds without spending too much. Companies like SIC Solar design their mounts with this in mind, so they can work for different projects and locations.

Where you live matters too. If it's windy, you need strong stuff. If you're by the coast, you need rust protection. If your roof can't hold much weight, go with aluminum. If the ground is uneven, steel foundations can handle more.

There's no single best material for every solar project. It all depends on how you're installing it, the weather, your budget, and how long you want it to last. If you know how steel, aluminum, and stainless steel hold up in real life, you can pick a mount that will keep your panels safe and sound for years to come.

With everyone wanting clean energy, big solar plants are becoming the go-to thing for power companies, factories, and investors. If you're setting up a lot of solar panels, putting them on the ground is usually the best way to go because you can do a lot with them and they work well.

One cool thing about ground mounts is that you can put them pretty much anywhere. Unlike putting panels on roofs, where you have to worry about the roof’s shape and how much weight it can hold, you can set up ground-mounted panels at the best angles to catch as much sun as possible all year. This really bumps up the amount of power you get, which is a huge deal when you're trying to make as much energy as possible.

Ground mounts are also great for big setups. When you have a lot of open space, it’s easier to line up tons of panels in a neat way. This keeps things simple when you're wiring everything and stops panels from shading each other. Plus, if you need more power later, you can just add more rows of panels without messing with what's already there.

When it comes to staying sturdy, ground mounts are top-notch. They use things like poles stuck in the ground or concrete blocks to hold them in place, depending on the soil and how windy it gets. This keeps them from tipping over in bad weather, like strong winds or heavy snow. Companies like SIC Solar make these mounting systems to handle all sorts of weather, so you know they'll last.

Taking care of ground-mounted solar is also easier. People can get to the panels and wires without climbing all over the place, which makes it safer and faster to fix things. You can check on them, clean them, and repair them without a big hassle, which is super important when you have a bunch of panels spread out over a big area.

Where you put these solar farms is also something to think about. Usually, they go on land that’s not being used for much else, like deserts or old factory sites. Sometimes, you can even use the same land for farming and solar panels at the same time, which is like getting two things done at once.

Okay, so putting solar panels on the ground might cost more at the start because you have to get the land ready and build the foundations. But, in the end, it’s often worth it. You get more power, it’s easier to add more panels, and there are fewer problems down the road. That’s why ground mounts are a popular choice for big solar projects all over the world.

Lithium batteries are no longer just a power source—they are becoming a core technology shaping the future of transportation and energy storage. As industries evolve and user expectations rise, lithium battery development is moving in several clear and practical directions.

LiFePO4 Becomes the Go-To Solution

Among various lithium battery chemistries, LiFePO4 is gaining strong momentum. Its stable structure, low risk of overheating, and long service life make it especially suitable for motorcycles, powersports vehicles, and off-grid applications.

This shift is evident in the growing demand for safer alternatives to lead-acid batteries, particularly in the motorcycle market. Riders searching for a Harley davidson lifepo4 battery for sale are often motivated by the need for reliability across different weather and riding conditions.

Performance Optimization for Real-World Use

Future lithium batteries are being designed not just for laboratory performance, but for real-life scenarios. Improved cold-start capability, consistent power output, and vibration resistance are becoming essential benchmarks.

Manufacturers such as TYKOOL lithium battery are responding to this trend by focusing on robust internal structures and advanced battery management systems, ensuring stable performance even in demanding environments.

Smarter Energy Management

As vehicles and devices become more intelligent, batteries must follow. Modern lithium batteries are increasingly equipped with smart BMS features that protect against overcharge, deep discharge, and short circuits. This added intelligence helps extend battery life while reducing the risk of failure.

For users, this means less maintenance and greater confidence, especially in applications where battery reliability directly affects safety.

Sustainability Drives Innovation

Environmental responsibility is influencing battery design more than ever. Longer-lasting lithium batteries reduce replacement frequency, while safer materials help minimize environmental impact. LiFePO4 chemistry, in particular, aligns well with global sustainability goals due to its durability and cobalt-free composition.

The future of lithium battery development is centered on practical safety, intelligent control, and long-term value. As technology advances, users will benefit from batteries that are not only more powerful, but also smarter and more dependable.

Whether upgrading to a modern Harley davidson lifepo4 battery for sale option or choosing a performance-driven solution like a TYKOOL lithium battery, the direction is clear: lithium power is becoming safer, smarter, and built for the long run.

Ground mounted solar systems are solar panels that are put on frames that are stuck into the ground, not on roofs. You often see these systems used for big projects, businesses, and homes that have enough land. Because you can set them up in lots of ways and they make lots of power, they're a big deal for solar energy.

The base is where every ground-mounted system starts. Depending on the ground and what the project needs, the base can be steel beams hammered into the ground, ground screws, concrete blocks, or weighted bases. The point is to make it super steady so it can handle strong winds, ground movement, and the weather for years. Once the bases are in, posts or columns go in to hold up the frame.

The frame sits on top of the base and holds the solar panels. Fixed systems put panels at one angle that works best for where it is and how sunny it is. Tracking systems shift the panels to follow the sun all day. Getting the angle right is super important for getting the most power, and ground-mounted systems let you do this better than roof systems.

Rails and clamps hold the solar panels onto the frame. These have to hold on tight but still let the panels expand and shrink when it gets hot or cold. Materials that don't rust, like aluminum and galvanized or stainless steel, are used to make sure things last outside. Companies like SIC Solar specialize in making these kinds of systems, focusing on how strong they are and how easy they are to put together on any kind of land.

Wiring it all up is also key. Cables are run along the frame using clips or trays to keep them safe and neat. Grounding everything right makes sure it's safe and follows the rules. In bigger systems, rows of panels are hooked up to inverters. These change the power from DC to AC, so it can be used in homes or sent to the power grid.

One cool thing about ground-mounted systems is that they're easy to get to. Panels are set up so workers can do maintenance, cleaning, and checks without having to get on a roof. This helps keep them running well over time, specially in dusty or farming areas where they might need to be cleaned often.

How far apart the rows are and how they're laid out is planned carefully, so one row doesn't block the sun from another, mainly in the winter when the sun is lower. Having land makes it easier to space stuff out and point it the right way to make power steadily all year.

Ground-mounted solar systems put together engineering, smart planning, and tough parts to make energy well in a lot of places. If they're designed right and use good parts, they're a way to make solar power on a big scale for businesses or power companies.